http://dspace.lamu.edu.zm:8080/handle/123456789/112 2026-10-13T05:26:39Z 2026-10-13T05:26:39Z Kalima, Mulele Lishimpe, Kennedy Meza, Jane L. Watanabe-Galloway, Shinobu Msadabwe, Susan C. Mwaba, Catherine K. Shibemba, Aaron L. Banda, Lewis Wood, Charles Chamberlain, Robert M. http://dspace.lamu.edu.zm:8080/handle/123456789/200 2022-06-15T10:41:19Z 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Observed and Expected Incidence of Cervical Cancer in Lusaka and the Southern and Western Provinces of Zambia, 2007 - 2012 Authors: Kalima, Mulele; Lishimpe, Kennedy; Meza, Jane L.; Watanabe-Galloway, Shinobu; Msadabwe, Susan C.; Mwaba, Catherine K.; Shibemba, Aaron L.; Banda, Lewis; Wood, Charles; Chamberlain, Robert M. Abstract: Cervical cancer is increasing but underestimated in developing countries. We calculated the observed and expected incidence of cervical cancer in Lusaka and Southern and Western provinces of Zambia. Data for 2007-2012 was obtained for the 3 provinces. Data included age, residence, year of diagnosis, marital status, occupation, HIV, stage, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Expected incidence in Southern and Western provinces was calculated based on observed incidence for Lusaka province, adjusting for HIV. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) in Lusaka were 2-4 times higher than incidence in the other 2 provinces. Lusaka had a rate of 54.1/105 and ASR of 82.1/105 in the age group 15-49. The Southern province had a rate of 17.1/105 and ASR of 25.5/105; Western province rate of 12.3/105 and ASR rate of 17.2/105. The observed cervical cancer incidence rates in the Southern and Western provinces were lower than the rate in Lusaka, possibly due to the uncertainty of underreporting/under-diagnosis or actual lower risk for reasons yet unclear. HIV seroprevalence rate in patients from the 3 provinces were 46 – 93% higher than seroprevalence in the respective general populations. Description: This article can be accessed on https://ijgc.bmj.com/content/25/1/98.info

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Potchen, Michael J. Kampondeni, Samuel D. Seydel, Karl B. Haacke, Mark E. Sinyangwe, Sylvester S. Mwenechanya, Musaku Glover, Simon J. Milner, Danny A. Zeli, Eric Hammond, Colleen A. Utriainen, David Lishimpi, Kennedy Taylor, Terrie E. Birbeck, Gretchen L. http://dspace.lamu.edu.zm:8080/handle/123456789/199 2022-06-15T10:40:41Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Investigate Potential Etiologies of Brain Swelling in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria Authors: Potchen, Michael J.; Kampondeni, Samuel D.; Seydel, Karl B.; Haacke, Mark E.; Sinyangwe, Sylvester S.; Mwenechanya, Musaku; Glover, Simon J.; Milner, Danny A.; Zeli, Eric; Hammond, Colleen A.; Utriainen, David; Lishimpi, Kennedy; Taylor, Terrie E.; Birbeck, Gretchen L. Abstract: The hallmark of pediatric cerebral malaria (CM) is sequestration of parasitized red blood cells in the cerebral microvasculature. Malawi-based research using 0.35 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) established that severe brain swelling is associated with fatal CM, but swelling etiology remains unclear. Autopsy and clinical studies suggest several potential etiologies, but limitations of 0.35 T MRI precluded optimal investigations into swelling pathophysiology. A 1.5 T MRI in Zambia allowed for further investigations including susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). SWI is an ideal sequence for identifying regions of sequestration and microhemorrhages given the ferromagnetic properties of hemozoin and blood. Using 1.5 T MRI, Zambian children with retinopathy-confirmed CM underwent imaging with SWI, T2, T1 preand post-gadolinium, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficients and T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences. Sixteen children including two with moderate/severe edema were imaged; all survived. Gadolinium extravasation was not seen. DWI abnormalities spared the gray matter suggesting vasogenic edema with viable tissue rather than cytotoxic edema. SWI findings consistent with microhemorrhages and parasite sequestration cooccurred in white matter regions where DWI changes consistent with vascular congestion were seen. Imaging findings consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome were seen in children who subsequently had a rapid clinical recovery. High field MRI indicates that vascular congestion associated with parasite sequestration, local inflammation from microhemorrhages and autoregulatory dysfunction likely contribute to brain swelling in CM. No gross radiological blood brain barrier breakdown or focal cortical DWI abnormalities were evident in these children with nonfatal CM. Description: This article can be accessed on https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/98/2/article-p497.xml?tab_body=contributor-notes-display

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Bwanga, Osward Mulenga, Joseph Chanda, Ernest http://dspace.lamu.edu.zm:8080/handle/123456789/135 2022-05-31T10:29:42Z 2020-01-22T00:00:00Z

Title: Need for Image Reporting by Radiographers in Zambia Authors: Bwanga, Osward; Mulenga, Joseph; Chanda, Ernest Abstract: There is a critical shortage of radiologists in Zambia, with only 5 serving the entire population of approximately 17 million. For this reason, most hospitals, especially in rural areas have no radiologist services. This leaves most diagnostic imaging examinations unreported. In order to bring imaging services closer to the families who stand as a point of care, this article addresses the ways and possibilities of having reporting radiographers assisting radiologists in reporting on plain film radiographs. It has further evaluated evidence and research on how this undertaking has worked well in other countries. The article ends by recognising that with postgraduate training in image interpretation and reporting, radiographers (both diploma and degree holders) in Zambia can effectively report on plain film radiographs; thereby improving access to this service for the majority of patients. Description: This Article can also be accessed on https://mjz.co.zm/index.php/mjz/article/view/560

2020-01-22T00:00:00Z Bwanga, Osward Chanda, Ernest http://dspace.lamu.edu.zm:8080/handle/123456789/127 2022-05-30T11:17:07Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Experiences of Nurses in the Clinical Supervision of Nursing Students: Findings from a Systematic Review and Their Application to Radiography Authors: Bwanga, Osward; Chanda, Ernest Abstract: Clinical supervision allows students to safely apply theory into practice under the guidance of supervisors. Several primary research studies have been conducted on the experiences of nurses in the clinical supervision of students. However, no study has systematically brought these studies together and applied the findings to a radiography context. This has been necessitated due to a lack of research on this topic in radiography. The aim of this study was, therefore, to systematically review the evidence relating to the experiences of nurses in the clinical supervision of nursing students and apply the findings to radiography. In achieving this aim, a qualitative systematic review was conducted. Databases, nursing journals, and cited references were searched for relevant primary studies. Seven studies were identified and included in the review. Data extraction was performed using an extraction form and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) checklist for qualitative studies to critically appraise the studies. Following thematic data analysis, four themes emerged: the role of clinical supervision, and the experiences of supervisors relating to the managerial, educational and supportive functions of clinical supervision. These findings have provided a template for supporting supervisors in the clinical learning environment. There are many lessons to be learnt from the nursing profession where the experiences of clinical supervisors is well researched. It is recommended that clinical supervisors are appropriately supported through the provision of adequate resources, protected time, training, adequate preparation of students and shared responsibilities amongst supervisors. Description: This journal article can also be accessed through this link; https://www.easpublisher.com/journal/easjnm/home

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z