http://dspace.lamu.edu.zm:8080/handle/123456789/115 2026-10-13T05:27:22Z http://dspace.lamu.edu.zm:8080/handle/123456789/170 Title: Use of the ICF in Measuring Performance of Basic Activities of Daily Living in People with HIV/AIDS in Two Selected Home Based Care Programmes in Lusaka, Zambia. Authors: Chongo, Billiat; Mwango, Moses; Mweshi, Margaret M.; Chalwe, Martha Banda Abstract: Introduction: The increase of access to antiretroviral therapy has led to prolongation of life among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Home based care is cost effective and convenient in managing HIV/AIDS. High prevalence of activity limiting symptoms has been reported in HIV/AIDS, but the level of performance of basic activities of daily has not been done in home based care programsin Zambia. The aim of this study was to measure the performance of basic activities of living in the Physiotherapy in Palliative Care Programme (PPCP) and Archdiocese of Lusaka (AL).Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study design was carried out in PPCP and ALin Lusaka, Zambia. A total of 512 participants were recruited for the study and 481 questionnaires were returned, while 430 were eligible for analysis with two equal samples for each program. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)was used to measure the severity of symptoms and level of performance of mobility and self-care. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. The student ttest was used to determine whether performance was significantly different between the two programs.Results: There were more females (69%) than males (31%) with an age range of 18 to 65 years (mean age: 40.56; SD=10.14). The majority of participants were single (57%) and 43% were married. The mean number of months on HBC was 36.87 (SD=23.93) for PPCP and 45.00 (SD=32.67) for AL participants. The mean number of months on ARVs was 45.93 (SD=26.02) for PPCP and 43.27 (SD=28.43) for AL participants. Pain was the most common symptom (69.5%) accounting for 72% in PPCP and 67% in AL. Other common symptoms were general fatigue (60.5%), numbness and tingling (55%) and tiring easily (53%). Participants scored 42.9% and 29.5% for mobility and 57.2and 26.0% for self-care in PPCP and AL respectively. The overall performance of BADLs had a similar pattern (45.8% and 31.9%) and age and severity of symptoms significantly increased limitations in BADL. Conclusion: People living with HIV/AIDS experience a lot of pain and problems in performing basic activities of daily living. Physiotherapy may help to improve performance inself-care activities. Increase in age and severity of symptoms can significantly increase limitations in BADL. There is need to research further using bigger sample and interventional studies. The ICF has proven to be a useful tool for PLWHA in Zambia. Description: This article can also be found on this site (http://medicine.unza.zm/research/journal) 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.lamu.edu.zm:8080/handle/123456789/147 Title: Endothelial dysfunction and body mass index: is there a role for plasma peroxynitrite? Authors: Chikopela, Theresa; Heimburger, Douglas C.; Kaluba, Longa; Hamambulu, Pharaoh; Simfukwe, Newton; Mutale, Wilbroad; Koethe, John R.; Goma, Fastone Abstract: Endothelial function is dependent on the balance between vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory substances. The endothelium ability to produce nitric oxide is one of the most crucial mechanisms in regulating vascular tone. An increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase contributes to endothelial dysfunction in overweight persons, while oxidative stress contributes to the conversion of nitric oxide to peroxynitrite (measured as nitrotyrosine in vivo) in underweight persons. The objective of this study was to elucidate the interaction of body composition and oxidative stress on vascular function and peroxynitrite. This was done through an experimental design with three weight groups (underweight, normal weight and overweight), with four treatment arms in each. Plasma nitrotyrosine levels were measured 15–20 h post lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, as were aortic ring tension changes. Acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) challenges were used to observe endothelialdependent and endothelial-independent vascular relaxation after pre-constriction of aortic rings with phenylephrine. Description: This article can be accessed on https://www.springernature.com/gp 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.lamu.edu.zm:8080/handle/123456789/141 Title: Haemodynamic Responses to Tobacco Smoke Inhalation in Male Adolescents in Lusaka, Zambia Authors: Chikopela, Theresa; Goma, Fastone M. Abstract: Tobacco smoke is said to cause changes in the levels of catecholamines in the blood, this leads to an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. This is due to nicotine which has also been noted to cause a decrease in vasodilatory activities leading to an increase in both the blood pressure and heart rate. Tobacco smoking, the commonest mode of tobacco use in Zambia, is predominantly a male vice with a prevalence of 19.8% among men aged 15-49 years compared to 2.1% of women. The use of tobacco among adolescents is said to be on the increase. The ZDHS, 2014 reported a prevalence of 16.1% among males aged 15 – 24 years who may be classified as late adolescents [2] and are said to be an emerging priority population for the tobacco industry. While much has been documented about the impact of chronic tobacco use on morbidity and mortality, much less has been reported on the acute effects of tobacco on health. In this study we sort to determine the acute influences of tobacco smoke on haemodynamic responses in male adolescents. Description: This article can also be accessed on http://www.sciencedomain.org/ 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.lamu.edu.zm:8080/handle/123456789/140 Title: Arterial stiffness is associated with oxidative stress and endothelial activation among persons with treated HIV in Zambia Authors: Chikopela, Theresa; Goma, Theresa; Kaluba, Longa; Mutale, Wilbroad; Guure, Chris; Heimburger, Douglas C.; Koethe, John R. Abstract: Globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and is estimated to comprise 54% of total deaths. The prevalence of CVD is on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and overlaps with a persistent epidemic of HIV infection. Evidence from high-income countries suggests that the incidence of CVD events in persons living with HIV (PLWH) is approximately 1.5-2.0-fold higher compared to age-matched HIV-negative individuals and PLWH have a significantly higher risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI) compared with demographically and behaviourally similar HIV-negative individuals even after adjustment for Framingham risk factors, comorbidities and substance use. Notably, this risk differential persists despite suppression of plasma viraemia by antiretroviral treatment Description: This article can also b accessed on https://sajhivmed.org.za/index.php/hivmed 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z